Impact of Transition Metal Doped Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposites on the Bandgap Energy for Photoanode Application

Shahbaz Afzal; Sidra Tehreem; Tahir Munir; Sakhi G. Sarwar; Lucky Imosobomeh Ikhioya*

doi:10.20221/jnmsr.v2i1.14

Authors

Shahbaz Afzal Department of Physics, University of Education Lahore, DG Khan Campus 32200, Pakistan
Sidra Tehreem Institute of Physics, Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Tahir Munir Institute of Physics, Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Sakhi G. Sarwar Centre of Excellence in Solid-State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Lucky Imosobomeh Ikhioya* Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-4427

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20221/jnmsr.v2i1.14

Keywords:

doping, bandgap, metal oxide, Bi2O3, Photoanode

Abstract

Chemical co-precipitation approach has been successfully used to synthesize Bi₂O₃ and Zn/Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles. Bi₂O₃ exhibited a band gap energy of 1.78 eV, and Zn/Bi₂O₃ at 1 & 5% and band gaps of 1.83 eV & 1.99 eV respectively. The statistics unambiguously demonstrate that adding zinc dopant widens the energy gap. The cubic lattice structure of this crystal is produced by a powerful synergy between the zinc ions and bismuth oxide ions. The peaks showed well-aligned conspicuous diffraction peaks of the material, with crystalline peaks at the (110) plane. The Bi₂O₃ patterns verified that the cubic crystal structure was successfully formed. With a classified orientation at the (110) plane, the synthesized material showed prominent peaks. The most noticeable peaks, with a strong orientation on the (110) plane, were recorded by the bismuth oxide material that was 1% doped. The FTIR peak at 811 cm^-1 indicates association with the Bi-O bond, thus verifying the existence of bismuth oxide. Additionally, the peak at 1394 cm^-1 corresponds to the C-H bond. The stretching vibrations of O-H were detected within the range of 3200 to 3445 cm^-1. The presence of a peak at 1635 cm^-1 indicates the utilization of H₂O in the experimental procedure, while vibrations of water molecules are observed in the range of 2311 to 2331 cm^-1.

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